THE ONTOLOGY OF THE MAQĀṢID
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Abstract
Maqāṣid al-syarī'ah will always be controversial if the study of its ontology is not complete. On the one hand, maqāṣid is God's 'intention' there is inaccessible to humans, so it cannot be known. On the other hand, maqāṣid is the benefit (maṣlaḥat) 'aimed to' by the Shari'a, and it is abstracted in the Qoranic legal verses. The problem is, what is the maqāṣid ontology so that it can be known and there is a way to find out objectively? For this reason, this study uses philosophy as an approach and method. As a result, this study concluded that the nature of maqāṣid as the 'intention' of the Shari'a is the goals (maṣlaḥat) contained in the Islamic legal system. The ontology of maṣlaḥat as the 'goal' by the Shari'a is concepts in the form of ethical or pragmatic values. Finally, this article concluded that the maqāṣid ontology is the axiological values 'aimed to' by Shari'a. The axiological values must be used as the goal by humans so that their lives are in accord with Shari'a.
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Sabil, J. (2022). THE ONTOLOGY OF THE MAQĀṢID. JoMaFiM: ndonesian ournal of aqasid and iqh uqaran, 1(1), 01-28. https://doi.org/10.22373/ijomafim.v1i1.1969
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References
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Ma‘lūf, Luys. Al-Munjid. Beirut: al-Kathulikiyyah li al-Aba’i al-Yasu‘iyyah, n.d.
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‘Āsyūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn. Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘at Al-Islāmiyyah. Kairo: Dār al-Salām, 2005.
———. Tafsīr Al-Taḥrīr Wa Al-Tanwīr. 2nd ed. Tunisia: al-Syirkah al-Tūnisiyyah li al-Tawzī‘, 1985.
Abbas, Syahrizal, Jabbar Sabil, Ali Abubakar, Mizaj Iskandar, and Dedy Sumardi. Filsafat Hukum Islam. Edited by Jabbar Sabil. 1st ed. Banda Aceh: Ar-Raniry Press, 2021.
Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī. Mi‘yār Al-‘Ilm Fī Al-Manṭiq. Edited by Sulaymān Dunyā. Kairo: Dār al-Ma‘ārif, 1961.
Aḥmīdān, Ziyād Muḥammad. Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah Al-Islāmiyyah. Beirut: al-Risālah, 2004.
Al-Andalusī, Ibn Ḥazm. Mulakhkhaṣ Ibṭāl Al-Qiyās Wa Al-Ra’y Wa Al-Istiḥsān Wa Al-Taqlīd Wa Al-Ta‘Līl. Damaskus: Jāmi‘ah Dimasyq, 1960.
Al-Baḥārī, Muḥibb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd al-Syakūr. Musallam Al-Ṡubūt. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
Al-Būṭī, Muḥammad Sa‘īd Ramaḍān. Ḍawābiṭ Al-Maṣlaḥah Fī Syarī‘at Al-Islāmiyyah. Beirut: Mū’assasah al-Risālah, 1992.
Al-Dabūsī, Abū Zayd. Taqwīm Al-Adillah Fī Uṣūl Al-Fiqh. Edited by Dār al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmiyyah. Beirut, 2001.
Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid. Al-Iqtiṣād Fī Al-I‘Tiqād. Beirut: Dār al-Qutaybah, 2003.
———. Al-Mustaṣfā Fī ‘Ilm Al-Uṣūl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2000.
———. Asās Al-Qiyās. Riyad: Maktabah al-‘Ubaykān, 1993.
———. Syifā’ Al-Ghalīl; Bayān Al-Syabah Wa Al-Mukhīl Wa Masālik Al-Ta‘Līl. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1999.
Al-Jawziyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim. Syifā’ Al-‘Alīl Fī Masā’Il Al-Qaḍa’ Wa Al-Qadr Wa Al-Ḥikmah Wa Al-Ta‘Līl. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1988.
Al-Maḥallī, Jalāl Syams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. Syarḥ Matn Jam‘ Jawāmī‘. Libanon: Dār Ibn ‘Abūd, 1995.
Al-Māni‘, Māni‘ ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī. Al-Qiyam Bayn Al-Islām Wa Al-Gharb; Dirāsah Ta’ṣīliyyah Muqāranah. Riyad: Dār al-Faḍīlah, 2005.
Al-Najjār, Abd Allāh Mabrūk. Al-Madkhal Al-Mu‘āṣirah Li Fiqh Al-Qānūn. Cairo: Dār al-Nahḍah, 2001.
Al-Qaraḍāwī, Yūsuf. Dirāsah Fī Fiqh Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah; Bayna Al-Maqāṣid Al-Kulliyyah Wa Al-Nuṣūṣ Al-Juz’Iyyah. Cairo: Dār al-Syurūq, 2006.
Al-Qurṭubī. Al-Jāmi‘ Li Aḥkām Al-Qur‘Ān. Kairo: Maktabah al-Tawfīqiyyah, n.d.
Al-Raysūnī, Aḥmad. Naẓariyyat Al-Maqāṣid ‘ind Al-Imām Al-Syaṭibī. Herndon, USA: IIIT, 1995.
Al-Sarakhsī. Uṣūl Al-Sarakhsī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2005.
Al-Shāṭibī. Al-I‘Tiṣām. Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tawfīqiyyah, n.d.
———. Al-Muwāfaqāt Fī Uṣūl Al-Sharī‘Ah. Kairo: Maktabah al-Tawfīqiyyah, n.d.
Al-Taftāzānī. Syarḥ Al-Talwīḥ ‘alā Al-Tawḍīḥ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.d.
Al-Zuhaylī, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh Al-Islāmi Wa Adillatuh. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1989.
Baidowi, Ahmad. Rekonstruksi Metodologi Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman. Edited by Ahmad Baidowi. Yogyakarta: SUKA Press, 2003.
Bertens, K. Etika. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2004.
Chaer, Abdul. Pengantar Semantik Bahasa Indonesia. 3th ed. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2002.
———. Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia (Pendekatan Proses). 1st ed. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009.
Gallagher, Kenneth T. The Philosophy of Knowledge. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1964.
Ḥasballāh, Alī. Uṣūl Al-Tasyrī‘ Al-Islāmī. Kairo: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī, 1982.
Ḥassān, Ḥusayn Ḥāmid. Al-Ḥukm Al-Syar‘ī ‘ind Al-Uṣūliyyīn. Kairo: Dār al-Nahḍat al-‘Arab, 1972.
Jorgensen, Marianne W., and Louise J. Phillips. Analisis Wacana; Teori Dan Metode. Edited by Imam Suyitno, Lilik Wahyuni, and Suwarno. 5nd ed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010.
Ma‘lūf, Luys. Al-Munjid. Beirut: al-Kathulikiyyah li al-Aba’i al-Yasu‘iyyah, n.d.
Majma‘ al-Luhghah al-‘Arabiyyah. Al-Mu‘jam Al-Falsafī. Kairo: al-Amīriyyah, 1983.
Makhdūm, Muṣṭafā ibn Karāmat Allāh. Qawā‘Id Al-Wasā’Il Fī Al-Syarī‘at Al-Islāmiyyah; Dirāsat Uṣūliyyah Fī Ḍū’ Al-Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah. Riyad: Dār Isybīliya, 1999.
Manẓūr, Ibn. Lisān Al-‘Arab. Kairo: Dār al-Hadīs, 2003.
Paltridge, Brian. Discourse Analysis. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006.
Poespoprodjo, W. Logika Scietifika: Pengantar Dialektika Dan Ilmu. 2nd ed. Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2007.
Praja, Juhaya. S. Aliran-Aliran Filsafat Dan Etika. Jakarta: Kencana, 2003.
Soeroso, R. Pengantar Ilmu Hukum. 10nd ed. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2008.
Sudaryat, Yayat. Makna Dalam Wacana; Prinsip-Prinsip Semantik Dan Pragmatik. 1st ed. Bandung: Yrama Widya, 2008.
Suma, Moh. Amin. Pengantar Tafsir Ahkam. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2002.
Syalabī, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā. Ta‘līl Al-Aḥkām. Beirut: Dār al-Nahḍah al-‘Arabīyah, 1981.
Tim Redaksi. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. 4th ed. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2008.
Zaghībah, Izz al-Dīn ibn. Al-Maqāṣid Al-‘Āmmah Li Al-Syarī‘at Al-Islāmiyyah. Kairo: Dār al-Safwah, 1996.